PM Modi's China visit
1)
India
and China signed 24 agreements, which would, for the
first time, spur a pervasive dialogue among Indian and Chinese states, cities and businesses as they become the
key drivers of foreign policy with China.
2)
Modi’s introduction of a bottoms-up
approach
towards India’s engagement with China.
·
launch of the India-China Forum of State Provincial Leaders
·
According to the Prime Minister, A number of decisions can be
taken quickly by the State governments. These interactions also make the State
governments more sensitive and aware of the international dynamics and
requirements
3)
The forum seeks China as a partner to draw State-level businesses
into the global mainstream.
4)
India has decided to extend electronic tourist visas to Chinese
nationals, on the Chinese government’s repeated requests to India to cut some
of the security and visa regulations for Chinese businessmen and tourists.
·
The e-visa facility would enable Chinese applicants to apply for
visas online a few days before they travel.
5)
The omnibus communiqué, emerged after talks
between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his counterpart Li Keqiang.
i.
a hotline between the two Army Headquarters would be established
ii.
additional points along the frontiers would be opened to enable local
border commanders to hold crisis-management meetings
iii.
Annual exchange visits between the two military headquarters and
neighbouring military commands would continue
6)
The joint statement made it amply clear that outer space and
nuclear energy are emerging as new areas for collaboration in the future.
7)
A Space Cooperation Mechanism had been established, which would
steer a five year “outline” for partnership, which would also over lunar and deep space exploration, between
the Indian Space research Organisation (ISRO) and the China National Space Administration.
8)
The two sides would engage in peaceful use of nuclear energy — a
decision that led to a conversation on China’s stance towards India within the
ambit of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) during the talks.
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What is the need for amendment of
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986
1)
The law has proved to be weak and ineffective in curbing child
labour.
2)
It is in contradiction with Article 21-A of the Constitution and
the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 that makes schooling
compulsory for all in the age group of six to 14 years.
3)
The 1986 Act does not regulate adolescent labour as mandated by
ILO Conventions 138 and 182.
Proposed amendments in
the Act
1)
The Cabinet has approved a proposal to ban employment of children
aged under 14 in all kinds of commercial enterprises.
Ø The Child Labour
Prohibition Act, 1986, imposes the ban on only 18 hazardous industries.
2)
Exception : work
done in family enterprises and on farmlands, provided it is done after school
hours and during vacations.
3)
The proposed amendment Bill will be in sync with the Right to
Education Act that guarantees children aged between six and 14 the right to go
to school.
4)
The Cabinet has barred employment of adolescents (14 to 18 years)
in hazardous occupations and processes in the chemical industry and mines.
5)
The changes provide for stricter punishment for employers for
violation.
Ø there is no penalty for
parents for the first offence
Ø the employer will be
liable for punishment even for the first violation
6)
Opposition :
i.
Child rights activists had argued that the definition of family
enterprises can include matchbox making, carpet weaving and gem-polishing
industries where child labour is in high demand.
ii.
They have also argued that the new norms can be used to deny
education to the girl child who will be stuck with household work.
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