NGT order on cleanliness of
Railways
1)
The National Green Tribunal passed a string of directions to clear
the Railways of the filth which has earned it the tag of being the “biggest
open toilet”.
2)
Polluter Pays
principle :
The Tribunal empowered the Railways to impose a fine of Rs. 5,000 on anyone
found littering or defecating on tracks or platforms under the Polluter Pays
principle.
3)
Those residing along the tracks and disposing waste on railway
property would also be fined.
4)
Also, if the waste is found lying in front of any house adjoining
the tracks, the fine would be recovered from the occupants of the property.
5)
The NGT also directed the three municipal corporations to place
dustbins in the 46 slum clusters along the railway property.
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Automatic Sliding Door trains in Mumbai sub-urbans
1)
After two years of intensive tests and trials, Mumbai suburban
trains finally got its first automatic sliding door trains.
2)
Termed as the lifeline of maximum city, the open-door trains have
over the years led to many casualties.
3)
Advantages : The new-age
Bombadier-powered suburban rakes with electrical fittings are expected to
prevent people falling off.
4)
It is incorporated into the regular western suburban services and
it has “improved and comfortable features” and a maximum speed of 100 kmph.
5)
Facts :
i.
The local trains ferry 7.5 million commuters daily — roughly 30
per cent of the daily national rail traffic.
ii.
In the past decade, 37,383 persons were killed in local train
accidents.
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Astra Missile
1)
A critical high-g (27 g) manoeuvring capability of the
indigenously developed Beyond Visual Range air-to-air missile, Astra, has been
proved with recent test.
2)
The missile was launched from Sukhoi-30 MkI fighter aircraft
against a moving simulated target from Chandipur, Odisha.
3)
The anti-aircraft missile’s high-g manoeuvrability from a lower
altitude of one km was one of the critical performance criteria and it was
proved in the flight test.
4)
The missile’s structures, guidance, control and aerodynamics were
proved for high-g manoeuvre.
5)
Specifications of the
missile :
i.
The smallest of the missiles developed by DRDO
ii.
3.8-metre long
iii.
uses solid propellant
iv.
can carry a warhead
weighing 15 kg
6)
Specialty :
i.
The state-of-the-art missile can intercept and destroy enemy aircraft
at supersonic speeds in tail-chase mode and at very long range in head-on mode.
ii.
The missile possesses high Single-Shot Kill Probability (SSKP)
iii.
It has ECCM (electronic counter-counter measures) features
iv.
smokeless propulsion.
v.
It can be launched from different altitudes and has the capability
to reach up to 110 km when fired from an altitude of 15 km, 44 km when launched
from an altitude of eight km and 21 km when fired from sea level.
7)
DRDO plan to equip the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) with Astra.
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